ABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Data on physicians' income are relevant for well-informed health policies, both due to their strategic role and the volume of resources that their activities represent to health systems. In Brazil, multiple sources of data measure the income of these professionals, each one with singularities that generate a complex and heterogeneous picture. This study explores the methodological aspects of different data sources, pointing to potentials and limitations to measuring the income of physicians. METHODS: We use the sources' documentation and data on the average monthly income in 2019, by gender and macro region, from four distinct surveys: Continuous Pnad (National Household Sample Survey), RAIS (Annual Listing of Social Information), Medical Demographics, and IRPF (Personal Income Tax). RESULTS: The results confirm the heterogeneity of definitions, variables, and methodologies. The data set can evidence phenomena such as the income difference between men and women. Regional inequalities are evident; however, the data interpretation is less assertive. CONCLUSIONS: Although eventual gaps and discrepancies among sources can limit some strong conclusions, the analysis of different methodologies employed can suggest relevant hypotheses for in-depth studies.
ABSTRACT
O artigo descreve a trajetória percorrida para responder aos desafios teóricos e metodológicos da pesquisa sobre empresas e grupos empresariais do setor saúde no Brasil que reorganizaram suas estruturas societárias, diversificaram atividades e ampliaram operações financeiras. Tais movimentos de concentração e expansão empresarial foram analisados mediante a aproximação do referencial da financeirização do capitalismo contemporâneo à análise de empresas e grupos empresariais selecionados. As estratégias empresariais foram classificadas em três dimensões: estrutura patrimonial societária, financeira contábil e influência na agenda pública. Seus respectivos indicadores orientam a organização de informações de distintas fontes para empresas e grupos empresariais no período de 2008 a 2017. O estudo traça um perfil do intenso e complexo processo de reorganização empresarial do setor saúde. Contudo, a natureza exploratória da investigação, bem como as dificuldades de acesso a informações e seleção de empresas e grupos empresariais tornam suas constatações necessariamente provisórias.
The article describes the history of the response to the theoretical and methodological challenges in research on companies and corporate groups in the Brazilian health sector that reorganized their shareholding structures, diversified their activities, and expanded their financial operations. Such movements in corporate concentration and expansion were analyzed with an approach to the frame of reference for financialization in contemporary capitalism in the analysis of selected companies and corporate groups. Corporate strategies were classified in three dimensions: shareholding, financial, and accounting structure and influence on the public agenda and the respective indicators orienting the organization of information from diverse sources for companies and corporate groups from 2008 and 2017. The study provides a profile of the intense and complex process of corporate reorganization in the health sector. Still, the study's exploratory design and difficulties in access to information and selection of companies and corporate groups mean that the observations are necessarily preliminary.
El artículo describe la trayectoria recorrida para responder a los desafios teóricos y metodológicos de la investigación sobre empresas y grupos empresariales del sector de salud en Brasil, que reorganizaron sus estructuras societarias, diversificaron actividades y ampliaron operaciones financieras. Tales movimientos de concentración y expansión empresarial fueron analizados mediante la aproximación al marco de referencia de la financiarización del capitalismo contemporáneao, así como al análisis de empresas y grupos empresariales seleccionados. Las estrategias empresariales fueron clasificadas en tres dimensiones: estructura patrimonial societaria, financiera contable e influencia en la agenda pública, así como sus respectivos indicadores que orientan la organización de la información de las distintas fuentes en empresas y grupos empresariales durante el período 2008 a 2017. El estudio traza un perfil del intenso y complejo proceso de reorganización empresarial del sector de salud. No obstante, la naturaleza exploratoria de la investigación, así como las dificultades de acesso a la información, selección de empresas y grupos empresariales convierten sus constataciones en necesariamente provisionales.